ABSTRACT
Adição por comida caracteriza-se por uma perda de controle sobre o consumo de certos tipos de alimentos, na maioria das vezes hiperpalatáveis, e por tentativas fracassadas de ultrapassar o problema alimentar apesar das consequências adversas. A tese atual descreve a prevalência de adição por comida e fatores associados (socioeconómicos, demográficos, estilos de vida, estado nutricional, comorbilidades psiquiátricas e clínicas) em uma amostra representativa da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Este é um estudo transversal que utiliza dados do Compulsão alimentar no Rio -Binge Eating in Rio Survey, um inquérito domiciliar que incluiu 2.297 indivíduos dos 18 aos 60 anos. Os participantes forneceram informações sociodemográficas, antropométricas, sobre o estilo de vida, comorbidades clínicas e psiquiátricas. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar a adição por comida foi a escala modificada de adição por comida de Yale 2.0. A entrevista foi aplicada face-a-face. E os dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. Prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (95%CI) foram estimados considerando o peso da amostral e o desenho complexo do inquérito. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística para estimar a razão de chance entre as comorbidades psiquiátricas, clínicas e adição por comida. Os modelos foram ajustados para potenciais variáveis de confusão, sexo, idade e IMC. A prevalência de Adição por comida foi de 2,78% (95%CI 1,40 a 4,17) e, foi classificada como leve em 17% dos casos, moderada em 36% e como severa em 46%. A prevalência de adição por comida nas mulheres foi superior à dos homens, 4,08% vs 1,39 (p=0.001), com tendência decrescente com a idade (p=0,017). Quanto ao IMC, adição por comida foi mais prevalente entre aqueles com IMC mais elevado 6,76 % (IC95%CI 4,19 a 10,70) em comparação com aqueles com IMC normal 0,69% (IC95%CI 0,31 a 1,53). Entre aqueles que tinham adição por comida, a prevalência de sintomas psiquiátricos foi de: 75,41% com sintomas de depressão, 77,05% com sintomas de ansiedade, 19,7% de transtorno de compulsão alimentar, 32,79% de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, e 19,7% de consumo de álcool. Adição por comida foi associada a todas as comorbidades psiquiátricas, tanto nos modelos brutos como nos modelos ajustados. Entre as morbidades clínicas, os modelos brutos e ajustados mostraram uma associação entre adição por comida e uma maior chance de diabetes, AVC, asma, asma crônica, dores de cabeça, problemas musculares, e refluxo gastroesofágico. Quanto à força da associação, aumentou quando ajustado para problemas crônicos da coluna vertebral e IMC. Como observado em outros países, a adição por comida foi mais frequente nas mulheres e nos indivíduos mais jovens; associou-se à obesidade, também a IMC mais elevado, a comorbidades psiquiátricas e a várias comorbidades clínicas.
Food addiction (FA) is characterized by a loss of control, causing overeating of certain kinds of foods, most often hyperpalatable foods, and failed attempts to overcome the eating problem despite adverse consequences. The current thesis describes the prevalence of FA and associated factors (socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, nutritional status, psychiatric and clinical comorbidities) in a representative sample of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a cross sectional study using data from the Binge Eating in Rio Survey, a household survey that included 2.297 individuals from 18 to 60 years. The participants will provide sociodemographic information, lifestyle, clinical comorbidities, and psychiatrics. The instrument used to evaluate the FA will be the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The interview was applied face-to face. Data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020. Prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated considering the sample weight. In analyses were performed logistic regression models to estimate odd ratios between psychiatric and clinical comorbidities. Models were an adjustment for potential confounder variables, gender, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The prevalence of FA according to YFAS 2.0 was 2.78% and, 17.42% was classified as mild, 36.49% as moderate, 46.09% as severe. The prevalence of FA in women was higher than men, 4.08% vs 1.39% (p=0.001), and with a decreasing trend with age (p=0.017). Regarding the BMI, FA was more prevalent among those with a higher BMI 6.76 % (95%CI 4.19 to 10.70) compared those in the normal BMI range 0.69% (9is 5%CI 0.31 to 1.53). Among those who had a FA, the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was as follows: 75.41% with symptoms of Depression, 77.05% symptoms of Anxiety, 19.7% Binge Eating Disorder, 32.79% Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms, and 19.7% alcohol use. Food addiction was associated with all psychiatric morbidities in both the crude and adjusted models. Among the clinical morbidities the unadjusted and crude models showed an association between food addiction and an increased chance of diabetes, stroke, asthma, chronic asthma, headaches, muscle problems, and gastroesophageal reflux. Regarding the increase of association, when adjusted for chronic spinal problems and BMI increases the OR values: FA was a prevalent condition in Brazil, more frequent in women and younger individuals, and associated also with higher BMI as observed in studies from high income countries. Furthermore, it shows that they constitute a group with specific characteristics and deserve special attention in this regard. FA was associated with psychiatric comorbidity and several clinical comorbidities in our sample.
Subject(s)
Humans , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Prevalence , Feeding Behavior , Binge-Eating Disorder , Food Addiction/epidemiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , ObesityABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the effects of acupoint thread-embedding therapy and low-carbohydrate diet therapy on obese patients with food addiction. Methods: Sixty-five eligible patients were randomized into a thread-embedding group of 33 cases and a diet group of 32 cases to respectively receive 12-week treatment. Before treatment, after treatment and at 6-month follow-up, the two groups were observed and compared in terms of body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), basal metabolic rate (BMR) and Yale food addiction scale version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0). Results: At the end of treatment, there were no significant differences in the general efficacy, and the improvements in BM, BMI, WC, HC, WHR and BFR between the thread-embedding group and diet group (all P>0.05). At follow-up, the thread-embedding group showed more significant improvements in all the aforementioned indicators compared with the diet group except HC (all P<0.05). At the end of treatment and follow-up, BMR and YFSA 2.0 had more significant improvements in the thread-embedding group than in the diet group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupoint thread-embedding therapy can produce significant efficacy in treating obese patients with food addiction; it can improve the food addiction state and work better in maintaining the efficacy compared with low-carbohydrate diet therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#“Food addiction” may be one of the drivers of the obesity epidemic. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss can significantly alleviate food addiction in overweight or obese people. Appetite regulation is part of the feedback control system for energy balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mobile application-based dietary intervention on weight-loss and food addiction in overweight and obese adults.@*Methods@#A total of 101 overweight or obese people aged over 18 years, who were admitted to the obese multidisciplinary clinic of Ningbo First Hospital from August 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled. All subjects received health education and dietary guidance, and submitted their diet log through the weight management application of their smartphone. Over 12 weeks, a dietitian guided and corrected the subjects who did not meet the diet standards. Interviews, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and the Yale Food Addiction Scale Questionnaire survey were administered before and after the intervention (12 weeks) comparing subjects’ weight, food addiction symptom count, and the proportion of food addiction before and after intervention. Statistical analysis of body composition measurements, blood biochemical parameters, and symptom count scores was performed using paired data t-test, McNemar chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test.@*Results@#A total of 101 overweight and obese subjects were enrolled, including 31 males and 70 females, with an average age of (30.4±7.3) years, mean body mass index of (32.76±4.46) kg/m2, and average body weight of (89.95±17.12) kg. The proportion of food addiction was 26.73%. After 12 weeks of dietary intervention with the mobile application, the number of people with food addiction decreased from 27 to 14, the proportion of food addiction decreased by 12.87%, the proportion of symptom counts ≥3 decreased from 41.58% to 19.80%.（χ²=5.17， 11.26, all P <0.01), and the symptom count decreased from 2.25 ±1.61 to 1.50±1.31 (t=3.64, P<0.001). Simultaneously, body weight, BMI, and waist circumference decreased by (6.54±1.03) kg, (2.35±0.36) kg/m2, and (6.50±0.86) cm (t=6.36, 5.62 and 3.78, all P<0.001), respectively, compared with those before the intervention. Metabolic indicators such as fasting glucose, insulin resistance index, and LDL-C cholesterol also significantly improved, with a decrease of (0.38±0.10) mmol/L, 1.83±0.46, (0.22±0.75) mmol/L (t=3.67, 3.59, 2.97, all P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The smartphone application-based dietary intervention can effectively improve blood glucose and lipid levels in overweight and obese people, reduce visceral fat accumulation and reduce insulin resistance, and improve the food addiction status of overweight and obese people.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The field of food addiction has attracted growing research attention. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a screening tool based on DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders. However, there is no validated instrument to assess food addiction. Methods: The mYFAS 2.0 has been transculturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The data for this study was obtained through an anonymous web-based research platform: participants provided sociodemographic data and answered Brazilian versions of the the mYFAS 2.0 and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). Analysis included an assessment of the Brazilian mYFAS 2.0's internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity in relation to BIS-11 scores. Results: Overall, 7,639 participants were included (71.3% females; age: 27.2±7.9 years). The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 had adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). A single factor solution yielded the best goodness-of-fit parameters for both the continuous and categorical version of the mYFAS 2.0 in confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, mYFAS 2.0 correlated with BIS-11 total scores (Spearman's rho = 0.26, p < 0.001) and subscores. Conclusion: The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in our sample; however, future studies should further evaluate its discriminant validity.